The following spelling changes occur in the passé simple: The passé simple of regular verbs is formed by dropping the infinitive endings ( ‐er, ‐ir, ‐re) and adding the endings illustrated in Table 1. Here are two examples of the passé simple. In conversation and informal writing, the passé composé is used instead of the passé simple to express the past. The passé simple (past definite) is used primarily in formal, literary, and historical writings to express a completed past action, event, or situation. French II: Conditional Mood & Conditions.Using the Correct Form of the Past Tense.Infinitive in Interrogatives Exclamations.Infinitive Preceded by Adjectives and Nouns.French II: Special Uses of Certain Verbs.French II: Adjectives, Adverbs, Prepositions.Time and Using Advanced Time Expressions.False Friends: French Words in Disguise.Remember that the opposite of déjà is the negative expression pas encore, just as 'already' is replaced by 'yet' in English. In affirmative sentences in French, it is often, but not always, accompanied by the adverb déjà (already).
For verbs formed with être in the passé composé, use the imparfait of être. It would equate to “had happened” in English.įor verbs conjugated avoir (to have) in the passé composé, it’s formed by combining avoir in the imparfait with the past participle.
Remember that the past participle must agree in number and gender with a preceding direct‐object noun or pronoun. Its English equivalent is “had” + past participle. The plus‐que‐parfait is the compound form of the imperfect and is formed by using the imperfect of the appropriate helping verb ( avoir or être) + the past participle of the verb. The plus‐que‐parfait (the pluperfect) indicates that an action had taken place and had been completed before another past action took place. It is used in the sense of “each other” for these verbs. This is because the reflexive pronoun is an indirect object.
The participe passé does not agree with the subject of the following verbs: se téléphoner, se parler, se mentir, se plaire (complaire/déplaire), se sourire, se rire, se nuire, se succéder, se suffire, se ressembler, s’en vouloir. Remember: the participe passé never agrees with an indirect object. In this case, the past participle does not agree. The exception is when the direct object comes after the reflexive verb. In the case of reflexive verbs (which always take être as their auxiliary in the passé composé), the participle generally agrees with the subject. This direct object can take three possible forms: a personal pronoun (me, te, le, la, nous, vous, les), the relative pronoun que, or a noun placed before the verb (usually in questions and exclamations). When a verb takes être as an auxiliary, the participle agrees in gender and number with the subject.įor verbs that take avoir in the passé composé, the participle only agrees in gender and number with a direct object that comes before the verb. This agreement is necessary in the following situations: In this case, the meaning of the verb often changes.įor some verbs, the participe passé has to agree in gender and number with either the subject or the object of the sentence. Note: we use avoir when descendre, (r)entrer, (re)monter, retourner and sortir are followed by a direct object. With the following verbs of movement: naître/mourir, aller/venir, monter/descendre, arriver/partir, entrer/sortir, apparaître, rester, retourner, tomber and their related forms such as: revenir, rentrer, remonter, redescendre, repartir. Most verbs construct the passé composé with avoir, however être is used as the auxiliary verb in the following cases: If the infinitive ends in -re, the participle ends in u If the infinitive ends in -ir, the participle ends in i If the infinitive ends in -er, the participle ends in é The present perfect (j’ai fait, I have done)įor regular er/ir/re-verbs, the past participle is formed as follows: This tense places the emphasis on the result or consequences of the action. We use the passé composé to talk about one-time, completed actions that took place in the past. The passé composé is used to describe actions that occurred in the past. The passé composé is a compound tense formed with the present tense of the auxiliary (avoir or être) and the past participle.
0 kommentar(er)
